![]() We enacted this by having the Nonprofit wholly own and control a manager entity (OpenAI GP LLC) that has the power to control and govern the for-profit subsidiary. First, the for-profit subsidiary is fully controlled by the OpenAI Nonprofit.We achieved this innovation with a few key economic and governance provisions: While investors typically seek financial returns, we saw a path to aligning their motives with our mission. The primacy of the mission above all is encoded in the operating agreement of the for-profit, which every investor and employee is subject to: In that way, the Nonprofit would remain central to our structure and control the development of AGI, and the for-profit would be tasked with marshaling the resources to achieve this while remaining duty-bound to pursue OpenAI’s core mission. Over the years, the Nonprofit also supported a number of other public charities focused on technology, economic impact and justice, including the Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Index Fund, Black Girls Code, and the ACLU Foundation. It would also continue to undertake a wide range of charitable initiatives, such as sponsoring a comprehensive basic income study, supporting economic impact research, and experimenting with education-centered programs like OpenAI Scholars. The Nonprofit would govern and oversee all such activities through its board in addition to its own operations.The for-profit’s equity structure would have caps that limit the maximum financial returns to investors and employees to incentivize them to research, develop, and deploy AGI in a way that balances commerciality with safety and sustainability, rather than focusing on pure profit-maximization.Throughout, OpenAI’s guiding principles of safety and broad benefit would be central to its approach. The for-profit would be legally bound to pursue the Nonprofit’s mission, and carry out that mission by engaging in research, development, commercialization and other core operations.Employees working on for-profit initiatives were transitioned over to the new subsidiary. A new for-profit subsidiary would be formed, capable of issuing equity to raise capital and hire world class talent, but still at the direction of the Nonprofit.The OpenAI Nonprofit would remain intact, with its board continuing as the overall governing body for all OpenAI activities.So we devised a structure to preserve our Nonprofit’s core mission, governance, and oversight while enabling us to raise the capital for our mission: It became increasingly clear that donations alone would not scale with the cost of computational power and talent required to push core research forward, jeopardizing our mission. Yet over the years, OpenAI’s Nonprofit received approximately $130.5 million in total donations, which funded the Nonprofit’s operations and its initial exploratory work in deep learning, safety, and alignment. We always suspected that our project would be capital intensive, which is why we launched with the goal of $1 billion in donation commitments. We committed to publishing our research and data in cases where we felt it was safe to do so and would benefit the public. We initially believed a 501(c)(3) would be the most effective vehicle to direct the development of safe and broadly beneficial AGI while remaining unencumbered by profit incentives. Seeing no clear path in the public sector, and given the success of other ambitious projects in private industry (e.g., SpaceX, Cruise, and others), we decided to pursue this project through private means bound by strong commitments to the public good. A project like this might previously have been the provenance of one or multiple governments-a humanity-scale endeavor pursuing broad benefit for humankind. We founded the OpenAI Nonprofit in late 2015 with the goal of building safe and beneficial artificial general intelligence for the benefit of humanity.
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